First of all, the park is awesome. Grassy area with some basketball courts overlooking the beach. A great place to have a picnic or take a rest on a bike ride. Check it out-it rocks. Enough said about that.
But how many times have I ridden past Bruce's Beach, formerly known as Parque Culiacan, and earlier as City Park and Bayview Terrace, and said to myself, "What the heck is this park doing here? It's surrounded by apartments and condos, why did they not keep building here? Did something burn down that the original owner couldn't afford to pay for?" Don't get me wrong-I love parks...but I've always felt that Bruce's Beach looks like it was never intended to be there, like it was something else and was made into a park.
One rainy day earlier this week on a bus ride to work I got my answer. An elderly woman sitting next to me who had lived in Manhattan Beach her whole life told me the story of "Bruce's Beach" and how the KKK and eventually the City got rid of an entire African American Community in 1924. The bus driver confirmed this statement.
I found it hard to believe so I jumped on the internet. There I found many links including one yelp thread from Cheri A about Bruce's Beach http://www.yelp.com/topic/beverly-hills-bruce-s-beach-in-manhattan-beach and one Wikipedia article http://wikimapia.org/2889867/Bruce-s-Beach-City-Park
Bruce's Beach was one of the few beaches in Southern California in the early 1900s that was not off-limits to African Americans.(What?not everyone could go to the beach???) Developer George Peck established the area in 1912 as a beach for African Americans, which was so against the conventional wisdom of the time, when most beaches in Southern California were white only beaches.
In 1912 Mrs. Willa Bruce bought one of the first lots on George Peck's site and began to establish a beach resort for African Americans.
The local Manhattan Beach Community reacted to the Bruce's arrival with disapproval to say the least. The KKK often harassed African American beach goers, burnt crosses on their property and the Manhattan Beach City Council began to push for the Bruce's removal from the city. Indeed, if you were an African American and you were seen at Manhattan Pier at night, you risked getting arrested or worse. The city eventually declared eminent domain and paid the Bruces $14,500 to leave Manhattan Beach-an amount well below market value. (This left Mrs. Bruce financially ruined.)
After the Bruce's left their beach, the cottages were burned to the ground (the KKK actually had tried to burn them to the ground when the Bruces still lived there.) The city then tried to build a whites only resort but the NAACP intervened and fearing negative publicity, the city backed down. For years from the 1930's to the early 1960's the area was just an unused sand dune, a constant desolate reminder of an unresolved past.
By 1962 though, the city took a renewed interest in the area calling it Bayview Terrace and a park was built. Later it became known as Parque Culiacan, after Manhattan Beach's sister city in Mexico.
By 2006 a renewed interest in the park's roots began to emerge and the Manhattan Beach City Council was forced to dig into the city's not so pretty past. The Council renamed the park 'Bruce's Beach' and eventually celebrated this change in a ceremony on March 31st, 2007 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMDWxDtwE1s .
Many have suggested that Interpretive panels and public art should faithfully, completely, and accurately celebrate the proud legacy of Bruce's Beach and African-American Los Angeles so that all who visit it can learn of it's past. Seems to be a reasonable request to me. (I wonder, do the kids of Mira Costa High learn about the history of Bruce's Beach in their History classes?)
The City of Manhattan Beach has declared that "Friendship, goodwill, and respect for all begins within our own boundries and extends to the world community." If that is truly the case, why not just give the property back from who they took it from, or at the very least make a better effort to communicate the Park's history and culture? read more