In honor of February Black History Month I present this historic marker I found while walking…read morethrough Heritage square Park in downtown Orlando. I am familiar with the dark blue historic markers erected by Florida Department of State but this is the first time I have come across a marker from the Equal Justice Initiative. The Equal Justice Initiative was founded in 1989 by Bryan Stevenson, a public interest attorney. It is a non-profit organization dedicated to defending the poor, the incarcerated, and the wrongly convicted, as well as challenging racial and economic injustice. Stevenson is the author of Just Mercy which I have read and highly recommend.
This marker is in front of the Orlando Regional History Museum, a former courthouse and it tells two stories, on one side is the sad fate of July Perry and the other side tells the broader narrative of racial violence in America which set the stage for what happened to Mr. Perry and the town of Ocoee.
According the marker thousands of African-Americans were victims of racial violence and lynching in America between 1877 and 1950. It was especially prevalent in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. As African-Americans sought equal rights after the Civil War, threats of violence and violent acts were used to terrorize them into subordination. Black people were falsely arrested, dragged from jail by a mob, and hanged and burned in a public setting to send a message to the community. Although many details and names have been lost to time, over 300 documented lynchings took place in Florida with 33 in Orange County.
The other side of the marker recounts the lynching of Julius "July" Perry. Ocoee, Florida, chartered as a city in 1925, grew from a small citrus farming settlement in the mid-19th century near Lake Starke and Lake Nona. Half of the community was of African-American ancestry. Ocoee is infamous for the 1920 massacre that following attempts by Black residents to vote in the 1920 presidential election. People were killed, homes destroyed, and Black residents were forced to flee.
Mose Norman, a black man, was assaulted while attempting to vote. He sought refuge in the home of his business associate July Perry. The men had come from South Carolina looking for better work and land to cultivate. Mr. Perry was an Ocoee straw boss which meant that no African-Americans would work for a white employer unless they came through Mr. Perry who would get a cut and determine how much the workers would be paid. Mr. Perry held power in the community as an independent farmer and labor broker.
A mob surrounded the home where Mr. Perry's wife and children were also inside and attacked the men. Mr. Norman and Mr. Perry's family was able to escape but Mr. Perry was severely wounded during the gun battle and taken to the Orange County Jail. The next morning a mob took Mr. Perry from his cell, beat him, and hanged him within sight of the home Judge Cheney who had encouraged African-Americans to vote. After his death, Mr. Perry's body was shot repeatedly. Author Zora Neale Hurston wrote in a published account of the 1920 massacre. In the ensuing violence over the next two days, 25 black homes, two black churches, and a masonic lodge in Ocoee were destroyed and 30 African-Americans were murdered. The entire black community of Ocoee was driven out within a year, July Perry is buried in Orlando's Greenwood Cemetery. His land was taken over by Bluford Sims, a Confederate veteran and prominent member of Ocoee's white community.
This marker was erected in 2019. While learning about this dark chapter in Orlando's history can't right the injustice done to the Ocoee community, by remembering Julius "July" Perry's name and story, dignity can be restored to a man who was a prosperous business person and a friend to many, both black and white.