Pelican National Wildlife refuge was created by one man's determination to protect the birds he…read moreloved. Paul Kroegel was a German immigrant and Sebastian resident and conservationist. He arrived in Sebastian in 1881 and homesteaded on the west bank of the Indian River across from Pelican Island. As he watched the birds on the island he fell in love with them and became increasingly disturbed by the hunters killing them. He took to protecting the birds by guarding them with his shotgun during a time when they had no lawful protection. Paul enlisted the help of the American Ornithologists Union and the Florida Audubon Society to help protect the birds. They joined together to pass legislation for protection of non-game birds. The Florida Audubon Society hired Paul Kroegel along with three other wardens to protect the birds from plume hunters and the sports hunters who would shoot at the birds while passing by on boats. During the time Paul served, two of the other wardens were murdered.
Naturalist Frank Chapman and his fellow advocate, William Dutcher went to Theodore Roosevelts New York home to plead their case for the protection of the birds. In response President Roosevelt made Pelican Island the first National Wildlife Refuge in 1903. Paul Kroegel was hired as the first national wildlife refuge manager. He passed away in 1948. Since then the land was threatened in the 1960's developers attempted to buy the surrounding wetlands but local citizens stopped them. The Indian River Area Preservation League made up of local citrus growers, commercial fishermen, and sportsmen, joined with the Florida Audubon Society to convince the State to include the islands as a part of the refuge. In 1963, Pelican Island was designated as a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior. Since then the refuge has gained over 500 more acres to help protect it from encroachment by development.
The refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The actual Pelican Island is only accessible by boat or chartered tours to protect the birds nesting on the island. You can take a pontoon boat from the Environmental Learning Centerthat will take you past Pelican Island. Nesting birds are easily disturbed, so people are not allowed to get too close.
New public facilities in the refuge were opened and dedicated on March 14, 2003 to mark the centennial of Pelican Island and the National Wildlife Refuge System. The new facilities include a 1/4 mile boardwalk and 18 foot observation tower that allows you to view Pelican Island. There are some telescopes to help you see more clearly but I would bring binoculars. This was the only place I actually saw pelicans in the refuge. During nesting season that runs from November to July you can find brown pelicans, wood storks, white ibises, black-crowned night herons, double crested cormorants, reddish, snowy, and great egrets, and great blue, little blue and tricolored herons. In the winter you can see the lesser scaup, blue-winged teal, mottled ducks, great northern divers, laughing gulls, American white pelicans, and red-breasted mergansers. Visitors in the summer can find roseate spoonbills, magnificent frigatebirds and least terns. Pelican Island is also home to sea turtles, dolphins, and manatees. Future plans for the refuge include adding additional boardwalks, an overlook, a photo blind.
Entrance to the refuge is free. Unfortunately when I visited nesting season was just about to start. I hope to come back this winter for one of the areas boat tours. Thanks to Paul Kroegel we have this special protected place that allows us to still visit the birds he fought so hard to save.