After touring the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, I headed to the parsonage a short drive away. There is plenty to see up and down the street so take the time to explore it and learn the history.
The corner by the house is where MLK Jr. boarded the bus the day after the Montgomery Boycott ended! For nearly a year, buses were virtually empty in Montgomery. Boycott supporters walked to work--as many as eight miles a day--or they used a sophisticated system of carpools with volunteer drivers and dispatchers. Some took station-wagon "rolling taxis" donated by local churches.
Montgomery City Lines lost between 30,000 and 40,000 bus fares each day during the boycott, but the company reluctantly desegregated its buses only after November 13, 1956, when the Supreme Court ruled Alabama's bus segregation laws unconstitutional.
Long a home to African-American professionals, politicians and businessmen, South Jackson Street is in the heart of Centennial Hill, a neighborhood which developed in the 1870s. One block north at No. 309 is where MLK, Jr. lived. No. 341 was the home of John W. Jones, Lowndes County Senator in the Reconstruction legislature. Building on the NE corner was locally famous Grayson Candy Kitchen and on the SE corner is the former Ben Moore Hotel. Alabama State University is located at the south end of the street.
My tour guide, Marguerite, who told me about the time she had swimming lessons with MLK Jr. They were both in their early 20's. I asked her what it was like growing up in a segregated world. She told me about the Morrison Cafeteria and how she always wanted to eat there but never could because she was black. Nearby was Oak Park, where they has a zoo. This was another place she never got to visit. She said she could hear the lion's roar and watch the white children giggling and playing.
Dr. King became pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in September 1954. He led the Busy Boycott in 1955-56 as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association. Leaving Montgomery in 1960 he went on to national leadership in civil rights. This parsonage was built circa 1912 and served as the home for ministers of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church.
Well before the March on Washington. Or his "I have a Dream" speech. There was a defining moment for Martin Luther King, Jr. And it came past midnight, in the kitchen of this home located at 309 South Jackson Street.
King was 27 years old, two years into his role as pastor of nearby Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Over the past month, King had been leading the Montgomery bus boycott, a decision that set off a series of death threats delivered via mail and phone to his residence -- as many as 30 to 40 calls daily, often at night. Normally, King could put the phone down and go back to sleep. But one call, on the night of January 27, 1956, stood out.
As King's wife, Coretta, and 10-week-old daughter, Yolanda, slept in the master bedroom nearby, the voice on the other end of the line said: "N, we're tired of your mess. And if you aren't out of this town in three days, we're going to blow up your house and blow your brains out." Shaken, King went to the kitchen, made himself a cup of coffee, but soon buried his face in his hands. He began to pray aloud: "Lord, I'm down here trying to do what's right ... But ... I must confess ... I'm losing my courage."
King later explained what happened next: "I could hear an inner voice saying to me, 'Martin Luther, stand up for truth. Stand up for justice. Stand up for righteousness.'"
MLK's fears ceased but the threats didn't. Several days later, around 9 p.m., a bomb exploded on the front steps of the house. No one inside was hurt. All these years later, though, traces of the bomb -- gnashes in concrete -- are still visible to the right of the front door. If you look at the previous picture, you'll notice the windows look different on the right side of the home compared to the rest of the house because of the bombing.
After King had verified that his wife and daughter were unhurt, he addressed the angry crowd of African Americans outside. "Don't do anything panicky," he advised. "I did not start this boycott. I was asked by you to serve as your spokesman. I want it to be known the length and breadth of this land that if I am stopped, this movement will not stop." In February 1957, when King was alone in the parsonage with Morehouse College friend Bob Williams, something disturbed King. He told Williams they should leave the parsonage immediately. Several hours later, after the two men had gone to Williams' house, a bomb exploded outside the parsonage, crushing the front part of a house and shattering the windows of three parked taxis, injuring the drivers. At the empty parsonage, 12 sticks of dynamite lay on the front porch. Only a few days after the bombing, police arrested seven white men. Two of them admitted to the crime, but despite their signed confessions, they were acquitted by a jury. read more