Legend has it that the Bluff was named after Hiram Scott, a tall & muscular mountain man who died from illness or battle wounds near the Bluff around 1828. From an historical perspective, Scotts Bluff, along with Chimney Rock, were symbolic gates to the Rocky Mountains. After a month or two of tramping over 600 miles across the plains at about 15-18 miles per day, the pioneers (many of them barefoot) longed for the sight of Chimney Rock and Scotts Bluff. Ft. Laramie would be gained within in the next 3 or 4 days where supplies could be bought, wagons repaired, and news received from back east and up ahead as travelers in both directions met and shared experiences. After Scotts Bluff and Ft. Laramie, the next major milestone was Independence Rock in Wyoming - the halfway point to Oregon. Independence Rock got it's name from the pioneers' need to reach the halfway point by the 4th of July in order to avoid getting caught in early snows later on (which doomed the late arriving Donner Party in 1846-47).
On outdoor display at Scotts Bluff Monument are replica wagons giving visitors a sense of the size of the wagons. (Pioneers used wagons strictly for cargo, the elderly, and the ailing.) Included in the outdoor displays is a Conestoga wagon (the 'Cadillac' of its day), a smaller & common wagon, and even a pushcart which Mormans generally used. (The Mormans lost almost all of their belongings when angry mobs fiercely ousted them from Illinois, and the persecuted Mormans hurriedly gathered their remaining belongings and pushed forward with carts to a new life at the Great Salt Lake in Utah.) For pioneers with wagons, the preferred draught animals were oxen which were rugged and could subsist on plants of the prairie. Mules did rather well, too, but horses were delicate and needed additional grains and nutrients to stay healthy.
A drive from the visitors center, up through tunnels, reaches a parking area atop the Bluff with hiking trails to expansive vistas all around the monument. On a good day, 10,000 ft. Laramie Peak can be seen to the west. Off to the east, Chimney Rock can be seen. To the south are the Wildcat Hills, of which Scotts Bluff is a part. Northward is the town of Scottsbluff followed by, as Red Skelton might say, "nothing but miles and miles of miles and miles" (until you hit the Black Hills of South Dakota, about 130-140 miles away).
From the visitors center is a hiking trail following the old wagon road, hugging the side of the northern bluff (Eagle Rock). After the railroad made the wagon trail obsolete during the 1860s, it was still used by freight wagons driven by 'bullwhackers' - including famous photographer and painter of the Old West, William Henry Jackson, who camped here in 1866 and painted his view from the site, naming the painting, 'Mitchell Pass'.
Rich history surrounds and imbues Scotts Bluff National Monument. It was the gateway to the Rocky Mountains during the 1800s when great herds of buffalo (bison) roamed Nebraska, when fur trappers befriended and clashed with Native Americans, when pioneers sought a new life in western lands, when gold seekers struck out for gold fields in Colorado & California & the Black Hills, when Native Americans futilely tried to stop the flood of settlers, when the Pony Express dashed across the frontier, when railroads revolutionized the land, and buffalo soldiers protected the rails and the settlers. Famous names of the area include Wm F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Gen. George Armstrong Custer. Today, Scotts Bluff National Monument is the gateway to the dramatic history of the American Wild West. read more